Discover actionable insights from Food + Planet case studies, showcasing innovative collaborations and strategies to advance sustainability in food systems.
From reducing food waste and promoting plant-based menus to ocean-friendly seafood choices and empowering dietitians globally, these examples highlight the transformative impact of the 4 Dimensions Sustainable Diet Framework.
The ICDA SFS toolkit has one as well, and Food + Planet are adding more all the time.
Citation: Stubbendorff, A., Hallström, E., Tomova, G., Borné, Y., Janzi, S., Sonestedt, E., & Ericson, U. (2025). Greenhouse gas emissions in relation to micronutrient intake and implications of energy intake: A comparative analysis of different modeling approaches. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 121(5), 1063–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.031 (open access)
Abstract
Borelli, T., Nekesa, T., Mbelenga, E., Jumbale, M., Morimoto, Y., Bellanca, R., & Jordan, I. (2023). Planet-friendly home-grown school feeding: What does it mean? World Food Programme. https://www.wfp.org/publications/planet-friendly-home-grown-school-feeding-what-does-it-mean
This research seeks to improve the environmental sustainability of school meals in Sub-Saharan Africa by developing a practical tool to guide Planet Friendly procurement practices and HGSF approaches and support the transition to more sustainable food systems.
School meals present a unique opportunity to tackle the various food system challenges, including the depletion and pollution of natural resources, habitat and biodiversity loss, deforestation, ocean acidification, and climate change while delivering multiple social and economic benefits towards sustainable food systems for healthy diets. Despite these advantages, the approach is challenged by the lack of evaluation tools and metrics that can be used to quantify the level of “planet friendliness” in the different regions where the Home Grown School Feeding approach is applied.
Through evaluation of the current school meal supply chain in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study identifies practices in food production, transport, processing, and storage that may influence the impact of school feeding programs on planetary health. The study initially focuses on three main products supplied to schools by the World Food Program (WFP) – maize, beans, and dark green leafy vegetables – and proposes to focus on general agronomic, food processing, and handling practices.
The assessment undertaken has resulted in an evaluation tool for all of WFP’s farmer-directed procurement processes linked to school feeding. The proposed tool, currently in draft form and yet to be tested, provides information about indicators to be included in food procurement policies and processes for the provision of greener school meals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The tool is intended to simplify the evaluation of current procurement processes and guide future decision-making around school procurement to ensure planetary health considerations are widely adopted to bolster systemic resilience. The tool can serve multiple purposes: as a checklist, a scoring template for refining tenders, a monitoring and evaluation tool, or a foundation for co-creating policies for any school feeding program at the school, local, or national level.
Submitted by Christine McCullum-Gomez, PhD, RDN
Elliott, P. S., Devine, L. D., Gibney, E. R., & O’Sullivan, A. M. (2024). What factors influence sustainable and healthy diet consumption? A review and synthesis of literature within the university setting and beyond. Nutrition Research, 103, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.004
Highlights
• We identified factors that may influence sustainable and healthy diet consumption.
• Using a novel scoring system, these factors were then ranked by priority.
• The scoring system identified high-priority factors to target in future research.
• Most high-priority factors were at the environmental level (e.g., product price).
• These findings can inform the development of future personalized interventions.
Abstract
Globally, typical dietary patterns are neither healthy nor sustainable. Recognizing the key role of dietary change in reducing noncommunicable disease risk and addressing environmental degradation, it is crucial to understand how to shift individuals toward a sustainable and healthy diet (SHD).
In this literature review, we introduced the concept of SHD and outlined the dietary behaviors necessary to transition toward SHD consumption; we reviewed the literature on factors that may influence sustainable (and unsustainable) dietary behaviors in adults; and we developed a novel scoring system to rank factors by priority for targeting in future research. Given the significant potential to promote an SHD transition on the university campus—where factors that may impact dietary behaviors can be targeted at all levels of influence (i.e., individual, interpersonal, environmental, policy)—we narrowed our focus to this setting throughout.
Aided by our novel scoring system, we identified conscious habitual eating, product price, food availability/accessibility, product convenience, self-regulation skills, knowledge of animal ethics/welfare, food promotion, and eating norms as important modifiable factors that may influence university students’ dietary behaviors. When scored without consideration for the university population, these factors were also ranked as the highest priority, as were modified portion sizes.
Our findings offer insight into factors that may warrant attention in future research aimed at promoting SHDs. In particular, the high-priority factors identified from our synthesis of the literature could help guide the development of more personalized dietary behavioral interventions within the university setting and beyond.
Rivera, I., Díaz de León, D., & Pérez-Salazar, M. del R. (2024). Drivers of the food system based on food sovereignty domains: An integrative systematic literature review. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1450321
Abstract
Food sovereignty, as defined by the comprehensive definition offered in the 2007 Nyéléni Forum, encompasses essential action lines for transforming a food system based on food sovereignty principles. Understanding how current food system initiatives align with these principles is essential for identifying the necessary processes of change to drive this transformation. This study aimed to consolidate the contributions of advancements in food sovereignty to the existing literature.
A systematic literature review was conducted to achieve this, analyzing 250 papers published between 2008 and 2023. The focus was on the research methods employed by the authors, food initiatives within the domains of food sovereignty, and the key drivers of a food system rooted in food sovereignty principles.
The findings revealed that approximately 36% of the studies utilized interviews, surveys, and questionnaires for data collection, while 34% concentrated on targeted fieldwork through case studies. Around 19% of the studies involved in-depth interaction with specific groups, and just under 10% employed document analysis methods. The most extensively discussed domain was the use of agroecological management practices for food production, followed by the valuation of traditional knowledge, the promotion of social justice and equity, self-determination through the transformation of economic and political institutions, and the localization of food production and consumption.
The food initiatives outlined overarching goals within each domain of food sovereignty, with three common goals identified across these domains: food security and consumption, environmental stewardship, and crisis preparedness. Furthermore, 29 drivers of a food system based on the domains of food sovereignty were identified, encompassing networks and a holistic approach present in all 5 domains. The study also highlights the implications for supporters of food sovereignty within the context of the identified goals of the food initiatives.
Lohmann PM, Gsottbauer E, Farrington J, Human S, Reisch LA. Choice architecture promotes sustainable choices in online food-delivery apps. PNAS Nexus. 2024 Sep 19;3(10):pgae422. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae422. PMID: 39372540; PMCID: PMC11450623. (open access)
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from the food system constitute about one-third of the global total, hence mitigation in this sphere of human activity is a vital goal for research and policy.
This study empirically tests the effectiveness of different interventions to reduce the carbon footprint of food choices made on food-delivery apps, using an incentive-compatible online randomized controlled trial with 4,008 participants. The experiment utilized an interactive web platform that mimics popular online food-delivery platforms (such as Just Eat) and included three treatment conditions: a sign-posted meat tax, a carbon-footprint label, and a choice-architecture intervention that changed the order of the menu so that the lowest carbon-impact restaurants and dishes were presented first.
Results show that only the choice-architecture nudge significantly reduced the average meal carbon footprint—by 0.3 kg/CO2e per order (12%), driven by a 5.6 percentage point (13%) reduction in high-carbon meal choices. Moreover, we find evidence of significant health and well-being co-benefits. Menu repositioning resulted in the average meal order having greater nutritional value and fewer calories, whilst significantly increasing self-reported satisfaction with the meal choice.
Simple back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that menu repositioning would be a highly cost-effective policy instrument if implemented at scale, with the return on investment expected to be in the range of £1.28 to £3.85 per metric ton of avoided CO2 emissions, depending on implementation costs.
Jackson, P., Yap, C., Parsons, K. et al. Values-based food systems: the role of local food partnerships in England. Agric Hum Values (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-024-10670-4 (open access)
Abstract
This paper outlines the concept of values-based food systems building on the related idea of values-based food chains (VBFCs), terms which are definitionally diffuse, but which cohere around a common commitment to environmental sustainability and social justice. The paper examines the development of four multi-stakeholder local food partnerships in Birmingham, Bristol, Rotherham, and Sheffield—and the national Sustainable Food Places network to which they are affiliated.
Based on our collaborative research with these organizations and a review of their public statements, the paper identifies the values that guide their work. The paper then draws on the evidence of a series of workshops, which revealed some of the challenges the partnerships face as they seek to put their values into practice, focusing on governance issues (and related funding challenges) and the implementation of equity, diversity, and inclusion policies.
Our findings show that the partnerships’ work is consistent with the concept of values-based food systems though they do not use the term themselves. Our research also shows the range of work being undertaken by these local food partnerships with much in common but also some significant divergence in their activities. The paper concludes with some reflections about scale and the differences between our English case studies and earlier work on VBFCs in the US.
Verger, E. O., Savy, M., Martin-Prevel, Y., Coates, J., Frongillo, E., et al. (2023). Healthy diet metrics: A suitability assessment of indicators for global and national monitoring purposes (84 p.). World Health Organization; UNICEF; FAO. https://hal.science/hal-04167728
Diets are changing everywhere, and the burden of disease associated with unhealthy diets is a worldwide concern. Measurement and monitoring of diets across countries and population groups is critical. However, there are no harmonized metrics for tracking how the healthfulness of diets around the world is evolving.
This report assesses the validity, usefulness, and fitness for purpose of existing healthy diet metrics as global and national monitoring indicators, presents a comparative assessment of selected healthy diet metrics, and discusses priorities and opportunities to improve diet monitoring. This report is an important first step of the Healthy Diets Monitoring Initiative to respond to the need for developing healthy diets metrics for assessing and monitoring diets at national and global levels.
Related: The World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through their Healthy Diets Monitoring Initiative (HDMI) convened a technical expert meeting (28 November-2 December 2022, Bellagio, Italy) to reach an agreement on the recommended paths to defining metrics to compose a simple, unified, global framework for the monitoring of healthy diets.
Muñoz-Martínez, J., Cañete-Massé, C., Cussó-Parcerisas, I. et al. The SALSA Questionnaire: creation and validation of a tool to assess people’s self-perceived barriers and facilitators to follow a sustainable and healthy diet. Environ Dev Sustain (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05954-y (open access)
This work was partially supported by an ICDA SFS Toolkit grant. You can read more under ‘Spain’ on the NDA SFS Grant page.
A transition towards a sustainable and healthy diet (SHD) is crucial for both population and planetary health. However, changing consumer’s behaviour is challenging due to the many factors influencing food choices. Tools that comprehensively assess these factors are paramount, yet none are available in Spain. Hence, we created and validated the SALSA questionnaire to capture self-perceived barriers and facilitators for SHD.
The process involved three phases:
— First, item development combining insights from a scoping review and content validity with experts (n = 9) and the target population (n = 38);
— Second, scale development by pre-testing the questionnaire (n = 4), administering it through an online survey to two samples(Dimensionality-Sample, n = 516; Reliability-Sample, n = 61), and applying exploratory factor analysis for factors extraction and item reduction;
— Third, scale evaluation by testing its dimensionality through confirmatory factor analysis, its reliability through Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, and intra-class correlation coefficient, and construct validity through discriminant validity, convergent validity, and correlation analysis.
Results yielded a questionnaire with 27 items grouped into four dimensions: personal factors, sociocultural factors, external factors, and meat and plant-based meat alternatives. The psychometric analysis revealed that the SALSA questionnaire is a reliable instrument to identify behavioural determinants.
Upcycled Food Association (UFA) is a nonprofit trade association focused on reducing food waste by growing the upcycled food economy. The mission of the UFA is to champion upcycling as one of the most critical solutions to mitigate the climate crisis and advocate for the best interests of the upcycled food industry.
They envision a global food system where all food is elevated to its highest and best use. UFA is leveraging market forces to prevent food waste by coordinating hundreds of companies around the world and empowering millions of consumers to prevent climate change with the products they buy.
UFA has four main objectives:
1 Attracting more support for the upcycled industry
2 Connecting the upcycled business network
3 Improving the upcycled supply chain
4 Increasing consumer demand for upcycled products
Research Fellowships – Upcycled Food Foundation research fellowships are dedicated to supporting evidence-based industry progress and educating consumers about the environmental and social benefits of upcycled foods.
Policy & Advocacy – We work to elevate and amplify the upcycled food industry by urging policymakers to support progressive policy and programs. Learn about our policy priorities, where we are advocating, and how we mobilize and represent UFA members.
Food Waste Funder Circle – Helping to fund the fight against food waste, the Food Waste Funder Circle is a network designed for private, public, and philanthropic funders interested in using their capital to solve food waste challenges.
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